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Unit 5 |
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Preface In this unit, students will study the principles of animal nutrition through the study of differences in digestion systems, nutritional requirements of animals, nutritional values of feeds, and how to develop a balanced ration for specific animals.
Students will develop skills helpful in the production and care of animals as well as knowledge they may apply to human nutrition. Materials developed for the Producer’s Management Guide include the nutritional needs of their animal, reference guide for nutritional disorders, and a balanced ration for the animal they plan to produce.
Lesson 5.1 Digestion Junction Concepts 1. Digestive systems vary among species of animals. 2. Ruminants have a four-chambered stomach consisting of the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum, each with a specific function. 3. Digestion and absorption is accomplished through a process of mechanical, chemical, and biological decomposition of food by the organs of monogastric, ruminant, pseudo-ruminant, and avian digestive systems. 4. The diet of an animal is determined by its type of digestive system.
Performance Objectives It is expected that students will · Define the terminology commonly used in digestive anatomy. · Label, identify, and explain the function of various parts of animal digestive systems. · Match livestock species with the proper digestive system. · Build a model of a digestive system.
Activities, Projects, and Problems Activity 5.1.1 Terms of Digestion Activity 5.1.2 A Look Inside Activity 5.1.3 My Stomach’s Bigger Activity 5.1.4 Digestion Murals
Lesson 5.2 The Need for Feed Concepts 1. The six nutrient groups all animals require include water, carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins, and minerals. 2. Animals require nutrients from all six nutrient groups to thrive, survive, and reproduce. 3. The specific nutritional requirements of individual animals are dependent upon species, age, and level of production.
Performance Objectives It is expected that students will · Identify the six classes of nutrients, the function they serve in the body, and sources of each nutrient. · Compare their personal nutritional needs with those of a production animal. · Research and record the nutritional needs of an animal using Nutritional Requirement tables. · Evaluate nutrient requirements of various animals at different stages of production.
Activities, Projects, and Problems Activity 5.2.1 The Essentials Activity 5.2.2 Great Pyramids of Nutrition Activity 5.2.3 Individual Requirements
Concepts 1. Animals derive nutrition from a variety of sources including roughages and concentrates. 2. Feedstuffs of the same type can vary in nutrient composition and nutritional value based on the location, time of harvest, growing conditions, water availability, and soil conditions of the area in which the feed is grown. 3. The nutritional value of a feed can be determined through feed analysis. 4. Feed labels are an important source of nutritional information.
Performance Objectives It is expected that students will · Conduct an inquiry experiment to determine the energy in feedstuffs. · Categorize feedstuffs into the nutrient group each feedstuff provides. · Classify feedstuffs as roughages, concentrates, and supplements. · Identify and define feed analysis terms. · Read a feed label and interpret the information included on the label. · Compare the information on a feed label to the information found on a food label.
Activities, Projects, and Problems Activity 5.3.1 Energy in Feed Activity 5.3.2 What’s in it for me? Activity 5.3.3 It’s all on the label
Lesson 5.4 Nutritional Disorders Concepts 1. Animal growth, development, and health are directly related to meeting nutrient requirements of the animal. 2. A deficiency or toxicity of one or more nutrients may result in poor growth and performance. 3. Animals at various stages of growth and development have different nutrient requirements. 4. Nutrient deficiencies in animals may result in poor performance and contribute to economic losses.
Performance Objectives It is expected that students will · Research the nutritional disorders of a species of animal. · Create a PowerPoint® presentation outlining nutritional disorders of a species of animal. · Present as a team their findings of the disorders to the class. · Develop a reference for common nutritional disorders of many animals to include in their Producer’s Management Guide.
Activities, Projects, and Problems Project 5.4.1 Hunger Pains Activity 5.4.2 A Quick Guide to Nutritional Disorders
Lesson 5.5 What’s for Dinner? Concepts 1. Livestock rations are developed to meet the requirements of animals, maximize feed efficiency, and minimize cost of production. 2. Concentrates and roughages form the bulk of a ration. 3. Rations can be formulated using a variety of methods. 4. Supplements are used to complete a ration in order to meet the nutritional requirements of an animal. 5. Using mathematics and problem solving are important skills for animal producers when formulating rations. 6. Marketing products is essential to the success of an animal enterprise.
Performance Objectives It is expected that students will · Read sections of a book and complete a concept of definition map as a note-taking tool. · Describe the characteristics of a good ration. · List the steps in balancing a ration. · Complete conversions of feedstuffs from a dry-matter basis to an as-fed basis. · Use the Pearson Square to balance a ration using two feedstuffs. · Formulate a ration and create a recipe using the Pearson Square. · Create a balanced ration for livestock by hand and by using a computer-based ration-balancing program. · Develop a balanced ration for their Producer’s Management Guide. · Design and develop a marketing brochure for the feed they develop.
Activities, Projects, and Problems Activity 5.5.1 Rational Rules of Thumb Activity 5.5.2 Pearson’s Square Meal Activity 5.5.3 Snack Time Activity 5.5.4 A Balanced Diet Project 5.5.5 Create a Feed |